In Europe and the Middle East, the market was valued at $250 million in 2012. This is equivalent to approximately ten times that of the United States and was valued at about €460 million ($640 million). According to Jean-Marie Bouissou, Manga represented 38% of the French comics market in 2005. In 2020 the North American manga market was valued at almost $250 million. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience. By 1995, the manga market in Japan was valued at ¥586.4 billion ( $6–7 billion), with annual sales of 1.9 billion manga books and manga magazines in Japan (equivalent to 15 issues per person). Since the 1950s, manga has become an increasingly major part of the Japanese publishing industry. Many manga are translated into other languages. The medium includes works in a broad range of genres: action, adventure, business and commerce, comedy, detective, drama, historical, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction and fantasy, erotica ( hentai), sports and games, and suspense, among others.
Outside of Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in the country. The term manga is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. Manga ( Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan.
